Volume
43, No. 1
January 2001
Editorial
The Editor
La
couverture journalistique des requêtes de révision judiciaire
au Canada
Karl Thomassin et Pierre Landreville
Prevalence
and consequences of spousal assault in Canada
Holly Johnson and Valerie Pattie Bunge
Segregation
The psychological effects of 60 days in administrative segregation
Ivan Zinger, Cherani Wichmann, and D.A. Andrews
Commentary
#1
Prisoners of isolation: Research on the effects of administrative
segregation
Julian V. Roberts and Robert J. Gebotys
Commentary
#2
Voir ou ne pas voir la souffrance: réflexions à propos
d'une démarche de recherche?
Pierre Landreville et Lucie Lemonde
Commentary
#3
The psychological effects of administrative
segregation
Michael Jackson
Response
to the commentaries
The search for the holy flaw
Ivan Zinger and Cherami Wichmann
Making
prisons safer and more humane environments
Paul Gendreau and David Keyes
Characteristics
of administratively segregated offenders in federal corrections
Laurence L. Motiuk and Kelley Blanchette
Book
Reviews
DIAZ: Making a Killing: The Business of Guns in America
Thomas Gabor
FUGÈRE
et THOMPSON-COOPER: Breaking the Chains
Pierre-Marie Lagier
BOWKER:
Masculinities and Violence. COLLIER: Masculinities, Crime and Criminologer
Daniel Sansfaçon
COMACK:
Locating Law: Race/Class/Gender Connection
Marie-Andrée Bertrand
DEKESEREDY:
Women, Crime and the Canadian Criminal Justice System
Nadine Lanctôt
Books
Received
Coming
Events
Memo
to Authors
Abstracts/Résumés
Only abstracts of full articles are contained in these Web pages.
Research notes and commentaries are usually not summarized into abstracts.
Readers who need the complete texts should contact the CCJA and subscribe
to the Journal. They can also purchase single copies of back issues
that are still in stock.
LA
COUVERTURE JOURNALISTIQUE DES REQUÊTES DE RÉVISION JUDICIAIRE
AU CANADA
Karl Thomassin
and
Pierre Landreville
École de criminologie, Centre international de criminologie
comparée
Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec
La présente
recherche vise précisément à analyser la couverture
médiatique réservée aux requêtes de révision
judiciaire dans la presse écrite. Dans cet article nous voulons
aborder quatre aspects de la question: évaluer l'étendue
de la couverture journalistique des requêtes de révision
judiciaire; analyser le contenu de cette couverture; identifier les
facteurs associés à l'intensité de la couverture
et, finalement, analyser la relation entre la couverture journalistique
des requêtes de révision judiciaire et la décision
des jurys de réduire le délai d'inadmissibilité
à la libération conditionnelle.
Même
si la couverture journalistique de chacune des demandes de révision
judiciaire est moins négative et plus fidèle que prévu,
il n'en reste pas moins qu'elle donne une vision déformée
de la réalité en ce sens qu'elle ne couvre qu'une partie
des cas, qu'elle accorde un traitement démesuré à
certains cas "sensationnels", qu'elle est plus importante
dans les régions où il y a des groupes très actifs
contre la mesure et qu'ainsi elle ne donne pas une bonne image de
la représentation régionale des demandes.
PREVALENCE
AND CONSEQUENCES OF SPOUSAL ASSAULT IN CANADA
Holly Johnson
and
Valerie Pottie Bunge
Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics
Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
Using
data from Statistics Canada's 1999 General Social Survey on Victimization,
this article compares and contrasts the prevalence, consequences and
outcomes of spousal violence reported by a representative national
sample of women and men. The study shows that five-year and one-year
rates of self-reported spousal violence victimization are only slightly
higher for women and that this difference is statistically significant.
Higher rates were reported in previous as opposed to current unions.
The
study also found that the nature and consequences of assaults inflicted
on women by their spouses are more severe than spousal assaults against
men. Assaults reported by women are more frequent and result in more
serious consequences and outcomes for victims and higher costs for
society. Female victims are more likely to be injured, to use medical
services, spend time in hospital and take time off paid or unpaid
work. They are also more likely to use counselling and shelter services
and to report the violence to the police. Women were five times as
likely as men to say they feared their lives were in danger from a
violent spouse. Negative emotional outcomes for female victims were
also more prevalent. Similarities and differences with other comparative
studies are discussed.
THE
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 60 DAYS IN ADMINISTRATIVE SEGREGATION
Ivan Zinger
Correctional Service of Canada and Carleton University
Ottawa, Ontario
Cherami Wichmann
and
D.A. Andrews
Carleton University
Ottawa, Ontario
Participants
in this longitudinal study included 60 Canadian inmates from Kingston,
Collins Bay, and Millhaven Penitentiaries who had either been (a)
voluntarily or involuntarily placed in administrative segregation
and remained in segregation for 60 days, or (b) randomly selected
from the general inmate population and remained in the general inmate
population for 60 days. Participants initially completed written psychological
tests and took part in a structured interview that assessed their
overall mental health and psychological functioning. The same procedure
was undertaken 30 days later, and again 60 days later. Segregated
prisoners had similar education levels, offence histories and criminogenic
needs than non-segregated prisoners. Segregated prisoners had distinct
personalities, however, and were higher risk cases than non-segregated
prisoners. Overall, segregated prisoners had poorer mental health
and psychological functioning. There was no evidence, however, that,
over a period of 60 days, the mental health and psychological functioning
of segregated prisoners significantly deteriorated.
MAKING
PRISONS SAFER AND MORE HUMANE ENVIRONMENTS
Paul Gendreau
and
David Keyes
Centre for Criminal Justice Studies
University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick
The
ongoing debate as to the effects of various aspects of incarcerated
life is absolutely necessary to remind all of us involved in the correctional
enterprise that, at the very least, we should endeavour to make our
prisons safe and humane environments. To this end, we briefly highlight
the results from three recent quantitative research summaries; the
prediction of prison misconducts, the types of programs that reduce
misconduct behaviour in prisons and proactive managerial policies
that have direct implications for improving the life of the incarcerated
and their keepers.
CHARACTERISTICS
OF ADMINISTRATIVELY SEGREGATED OFFENDERS IN FEDERAL CORRECTIONS
Laurence L. Motiuk
and
Kelley Blanchette
Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada
Ottawa, Ontario
Correctional
assessment strategies and standards of practice should help to identify
those offenders at time of admission who are "at risk" for
administrative segregation while in prison. An earlier 1997-study
began with a listing of federally sentenced offenders in administrative
segregation. Correctional Service of Canada’s Offender Management
System was used to identify a group of segregated and randomly selected
non-segregated offenders for comparative purposes. These groups were
used to make comparisons on a wide variety of case-specific variables.
An abundance of case-specific factors assessed at prison intake were
found to set segregated offenders apart from their non-segregated
conterparts. The present study extends earlier work in comparing segregated
and non-segregated offenders in relation to three selected outcome
measures, discretionary release (parole), return to federal custody
for any reason and return with a new offence while on conditional
release. This research also explores the predictive value of three
objective classification instruments used to gather case-specific
information on criminal history background, release risk and security
level designation in relation to the various outcome measures for
segregated and non-segregated offenders.
