Vol. 41, No.4 Dec./dèc.1996

Neutral Vowels in Optimality Theory: A Comparison of Yoruba and Wolof
Douglas PulleyBlank

On the Structure of the French DP
Daniel Valois

Reviews

La communication formative: vers une nouvelle didactique des langues secondes (Michaud)
Suzanne Belzio

The Mind of a Savant: Language Learning and Modularity
(Smith and Tsimpli)
Bruce Connell

The Verb in Contemporary English: Theory and Description (Aarts and Meyer, eds.); Lexical Change and Variation in the Southeastern United States (1930--1990 Johnson); The Mystery of Culture Contacts, Historical Reconstruction, and Text Analysis: An Emic Approach (Pike, Simmons, McKinney, and Burquest)
Eduardo D.Faingold

Case (Blake)
Paul Law

Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics (Bussman)
Marc Picard

The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language (Crystal)
T.K.Pratt

Linguistic Theories of Humor (Attardo)
Paul Pupier

Thompson River Salish Dictionary: n\latfric e\glotstop kepmxc\'\i n
(Thompson and Thompson)
Jan P.Van Eijk

Professing Linguistic Historiography (Koerner)
Douglas C.Walker

Language Change and Language Structure: Older Germanic Languages in a Comparative Perspective
(Swan, M\o rck, and Westvik, eds.)
Heidi Waltz

Neutral Vowels in Optimality Theory: A Comparison of Yoruba and Wolof
Douglas Pulleyblank, University of British Columbia

Patterns of vowel harmony are frequently interrupted by the presence of neutral segments, segments that are obligatorily realised with only one of the harmonic values. Peripherally, neutral segments appear in two patterns, referred to as relative and absolute alignment. Medially, such neutral segments may be opaque, interrupting the transmission of harmony, or they may be transparent, skipped over by harmony. It is argued that the properties of neutrality result from the interaction of three independently motivated families of constraints: faithfulness, alignment, and grounding. No process-specific constraints distinguishing between the types of alignment or between opacity and transparency are required under the proposed account.

Les patrons d'harmonie vocalique sont frèquemment interrompus par la prèsence de segments neutres, segments qui sont obligatoirement rèalisès avec une seule des valeurs harmoniques. En position pèriphèrique, les segments neutres se prèsentent sous deux patrons: l'alignement relatif ou absolu. En position mèdiale, de tels segments neutres peuvent être opaques, interrompant la transmission de l'harmonie, ou transparents, ne bloquant pas l'harmonie. Dans cet article, il est argumentè que les propriètès de neutralitè dècoulent de l'interaction de trois familles de contraintes indèpendamment justifièes: la fidèlitè (\<<faithfulness\>>), l'alignement (\<<alignment\>>), et l'ancrage phonètique (\<<grounding\>>). Cette analyse permet d'èviter de recourir à des contraintes spècifiques sur les processus pour distinguer entre les types d'alignement ou entre l'opacitè et la transparence.

On the Structure of the French DP
Daniel Valois, Universitè de Montrèal

This paper discusses and expands upon various ideas concerning the structure of nominals in general (DPs) and of French nominals in particular, with the underlying idea that CP and DP have parallel argumental and functional structure. The main topics discussed are: (i) the projection of arguments in French and English; (ii) the parameterization of N-movement, which accounts for some word order differences between French and English; (iii) the distribution of adjectives in event nominals, which reflects that of adverbs in clauses in both French and English; (iv) a peculiar case of rightward movement out of DP that provides further evidence for N-movement as well as for the claim concerning the prohibition on right adjunction of genitive nominals within DP; and (v) extraction facts that are a consequence of the status of [Spec, DP] as an A\Prime-position in French.

Cet article traite d'un certain nombre de phènomè nes propres aux syntagmes nominaux en gènèral (DP) et aux syntagmes nominaux du français plus par\-ti\-cu\-liè rement, avec comme prèmisse de base que la structure du DP est gènèralement semblable à celle de la phrase. Il sera question (i) de la structure argumentale et fonctionnelle du DP, parallè le à celle observèe dans les phrases, (ii) de la paramètrisation du dèplacement de N, qui rend compte de certaines asymètries entre l'ordre des mots du français et de l'anglais, (iii) de la distribution des adjectifs dans les syntagmes nominaux à lecture èvènementielle, semblable à celle des adverbes dans les phrases, (iv) d'un cas particulier de dèplacement à droite qui nous fournit un argument en faveur du dèplacement de N ainsi que contre l'adjonction à droite à l'intèrieur du DP et (v) de certaines consèquences qui dècoulent du statut de [Spec, DP] comme position A-barre.

 


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